3. 职业定位与计分

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本主题内容提纲如下：

3.1 职业定位(NOC)和工龄计分总述

3.2 移民局关于职业定位工龄计分的规定

3.3 职业定位的具体操作步骤

3.4 现行(2003)移民法给予加分的职业

-----3.4.1 按NOC代码排列
-----3.4.2 按职业字母排列

3.5 现行(2003)移民法不予加分的职业

3.6 职业定位 FAQ

3.7 其它有关职业定位的讨论帖

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3.1 职业定位(NOC)和工龄计分总述


关于工作经验的评分，这个很重要。

工作经验的评分，是以您在某个具体职位上的工作年份的长短来评定的。例如，您从事“翻译”这一职业，共有五年，可以获得21分。或者，他担任会计工作，有三年的历史，可以获得19分。根据这一原则，可以看到，在评定“工作经验分”的过程中，有两个重要的环节：（1）首先，要准确地确定您的“职业”（也称 “职业定位”）；（2）其次，要确定您从事该项特定职业的时间长短（也称“工龄”）。

工作经验的评分，是加拿大技术移民评分中最关键的一部分。也是最复杂，最容易出错的一部分。如果这部分没有把握好，申请就会被拒绝。因为，一旦职业定位定 错了，移民官就可以认定没有具备与这个职业相关的任何工作经验，依照法律，移民官没有别的选择，只能拒绝申请人的申请。

拒签的后果是：
（1）准备申请资料时所花费的时间、精力和金钱（申请费$1,100到$1,250加币，以及公证费）等都会浪费了。

（2）递交申请后等待结果的2-3年甚至4年的时间也浪费了。

（3）有些情况下，申请人可能都无法再重新递一遍申请。因为，移民官可能会认为申请人重新递来的材料与他以前递来的材料不同，从而认为申请人是在撒谎。这样，移民加拿大的路就被彻底堵死了。即使有些申请人可以再重递一次新的申请，那他还得从头再来重复一次以前的全部工作，还要再花上同样的几年时间来等待结 果。由此看来，职业定位这一关，必须要把握得非常准确，才能确保移民申请能顺利地被批准。

但是，职业定位这一步，只要在开始时在技术上把握准确，就一定能成功。职业定位是很具体，很僵硬的。关键是，（1）您的工作内容，必须与NOC对该职业的 定义完全一致；（2）您所提供的法律证据，特别是“工作证明信”，能充分证明您的工作内容。本文将移民官依照法律要考虑的问题，作一仔细的说明。


职业定位的详细操作步骤，请参见楼下 “3.3 职业定位的具体操作步骤” 一文。


评分表：

确定了职业定位和工作年份的长短后，就可以将您在该职业上的“工龄”转换为移民法上的“工作经验分”了。具体转换方式请参见下表：

工作年份移民部可承认的经验分      您的得分
----------------1年-------------------------------15

----------------2年-------------------------------17

----------------3年-------------------------------19

-------------4年或4年以上---------------------21

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Home » Immigrating to Canada » Skilled Worker Class » Will You Qualify?

Minimum Work Experience Requirements

Skilled workers are people who can become permanent residents because they have the ability to become economically established in Canada.
You must meet the following minimum work experience requirements to be eligible to apply as a skilled worker:

• You must have at least one continuous year of full-time paid work experience or the equivalent in part-time continuous employment.
  
• Your work experience must be in the category of Skill Type 0, or Skill Level A or B on the Canadian National Occupational Classification. (See below for instructions.)
  
• You must have had this experience within the last 10 years.

National Occupational Classification (NOC)
The NOC is a classification system for jobs in the Canadian economy. It describes duties, skills, talents and work settings for occupations.

Determine Your NOC Category
Follow these steps to see if your work experience meets the requirements to apply as a skilled worker.

Note: After checking the external Web sites mentioned in each step below, press the back button on your Web browser to return to this Web page.

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1 Find the title of any full-time jobs you had in the past 10 years using the National Occupational Classification list. This is a list of all jobs that are in Skill Type 0, and Skill Level A or B on the NOC. Write down the four-digit code located to the left of your job’s title.

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2 Go to the NOC Web site and type your four-digit job code in the “Quick Search” box. Make sure you press the “GO” button. A description of your occupation will appear. Make sure the description and “Main Duties” describe what you did at your last jobs.

Note: you do not have to meet the “Employment Requirements” listed in the description.

If the initial description and list of main duties match what you did at your last job(s), you can count this experience when you apply as a skilled worker. You can also earn points in Factor 3 of the selection factors.

If the description does not match your work experience, then you might not have the experience you need to apply as a skilled worker. Look through the NOC list to see if another occupation matches your experience. Check all the jobs you had in the past 10 years to see if you have at least one continuous year of work experience in a job that will qualify you as a skilled worker.

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3 Check the list of restricted occupations. If your work experience is in a restricted occupation, then you cannot use it to qualify for the skilled worker category.

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You do not meet the minimum requirements if:

• none of your work experience is listed in the NOC list;
  
• your experience did not occur in the 10 years before you applied; or
  
• your only work experience is in a restricted occupation.

If you do not meet the minimum work experience requirements, your application as a skilled worker will be refused.

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Last Updated: 2002-06-28

                               
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3.3 职业定位的具体操作步骤


　　职业定位较为复杂的部分是阅读NOC。本文将通过NOC来完成职业定位的具体操作步骤详细说明如下：

　　查询加拿大劳工部的职业定位 （National Occupation classification ,简称”NOC”），网址：

http://www23.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/2001/e/.../welcome.shtml

　　1) 点击左侧 Occupational Descriptions，从9大职业分类中选择和您的职业相近的职业类别；

　　2) 从您选择的这一大职业类别中再选出和您最贴近的具体职业，把该职业的代码（4位数）记下来；

　　3) 比较NOC中对于该职业的总的描述（lead statement）、工作内容（main duties）以及相关的职位名称（titles）,如果在example titles 中没有找到最适合您的职位名称，您可以点击View all titles 获得更多的选择；

　　4) 您本人的职业定位必须要完全符合NOC中对于该职业的描述(lead statement)，您的实际工作内容需要大部分与NOC中的main duties相符合；

至于 main duties 之下的 Employment Requirements 一项，大家不用考虑，因为移民局并不要求申请人必须符合 Employment Requirements。具体可以看上面 3.2 帖子里官方网页里的红色字体 —— Note: you do not have to meet the “Employment Requirements” listed in the description.

　　5) 在您确定了您的职业以后，用该职业的代码来查询这个职位是否属于加拿大移民部承认的职业范围，详情请参见楼下帖子《3.4 新移民法承认的职业》。您的职业代码（4位数）的前三位数与该文章内的三位数的职业编码相吻合即可；

　　6) 您也可以用另外一个办法：点击NOC的网站。再点击左侧的“Index of Titles”那一项。然后，点击“Keywords”。例如您输入：“Sales”这个关键词。您会得到很多与“Sales”有关的职业的清单。选出最适合您的那个职业。记下它的四位数的编码。

用这种办法搜查时，最需要注意的是，您要确定您所选的职业，是列在NOC Matrix 中，属于Skill Type 0，或属于Skill Level A 或 B 者。而不能是属于Skill Level C 或 D类的。只有从事列于Skill Type 0，或Skill Level A 或 B的职业的申请人，加拿大新移民法才承认他们的工作经验，继而可以允许他们移民。（可参见楼下《3.4 新移民法承认的职业》一文。）否则，如果属于Skill Level C 或 D 者,加拿大新移民法是不认其工作经验的。（参见楼下《3.5 新移民法不承认的职业》帖子）

　　7) 一旦您确认您的职业是受到加拿大移民法承认加分的，您即可计算出您从事该职业的工作年数，并按照移民部的工作经验评分表 （请参见楼上帖子 3.1 的评分表），算出您的工作经验分。

　　8) 如果您觉得您的职业定位还是不够贴切您所从事的工作，您还可以在Classified elsewhere中选择其他相近的职业代码，重复以上步骤，一直到选择到最适合您的职业。

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3.4.1 按 NOC 代码顺序排列

　　只有在NOC Matrix 中，属于Skill Type 0，或属于Skill Level A 或 B 之职业者，加拿大新移民法才承认他们的工作经验，继而可以允许他们移民。


　　移民法所承认的职业如下（恕不译成中文。凡合格的申请人必须有足够的能力阅读以下的英文。）：


　SKILL TYPE 0

　Major Group 00
　SENIOR MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS

　　001 Legislators and Senior Management
　　011 Administrative Services Managers
　　012 Managers in Financial and Business Services
　　013 Managers in Communication (Except Broadcasting)
　　021 Managers in Engineering, Architecture,Science and Information Systems

　　031 Managers in Health, Education, Social and Community Services
　　041 Managers in Public Administration
　　051 Managers in Art, Culture, Recreation and Sport
　　061 Sales, Marketing and Advertising Managers
　　062 Managers in Retail Trade

　　063 Managers in Food Service and Accommodation
　　064 Managers in Protective Service
　　065 Managers in Other Services
　　071 Managers in Construction and Transportation
　　072 Facility Operation and Maintenance Managers

　　081 Managers in Primary Production (Except Agriculture)
　　091 Managers in Manufacturing and Utilities


　SKILL LEVEL A —— Occupations usually require university education.

　Major Group 11
　PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN BUSINESS AND FINANCE

　　111 Auditors, Accountants and Investment Professionals
　　112 Human Resources and Business Service Professionals

　Major Group 21
　PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

　　211 Physical Science Professionals
　　212 Life Science Professionals
　　213 Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineers
　　214 Other Engineers
　　215 Architects, Urban Planners and Land Surveyors
　　216 Mathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries
　　217 Computer and Information Systems Professionals

　Major Group 31
　PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN HEALTH

　　311 Physicians, Dentists and Veterinarians
　　312 Optometrists, Chiropractors and Other Health Diagnosing and Treating Professionals
　　313 Pharmacists, Dietitians and Nutritionists
　　314 Therapy and Assessment Professionals
　　315 Nurse Supervisors and Registered Nurses

　Major Group 41
　PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE, EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT SERVICES AND RELIGION

　　411 Judges, Lawyers and Quebec Notaries
　　412 University Professors and Assistants
　　413 College and Other Vocational Instructors
　　414 Secondary and Elementary School Teachers and Educational Counsellors
　　415 Psychologists, Social Workers, Counsellors, Clergy and Probation Officers
　　416 Policy and Program Officers, Researchers and Consultants

　Major Group 51
　PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN ART AND CULTURE

　　511 Librarians, Archivists, Conservators and Curators
　　512 Writing, Translating and Public Relations Professionals
　　513 Creative and Performing Artists



　SKILL LEVEL B —— Occupations usually require college education or apprenticeship training.

　Major Group 12
　SKILLED ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUSINESS OCCUPATIONS

　　121 Clerical Supervisors
　　122 Administrative and Regulatory Occupations
　　123 Finance and Insurance Administrative Occupations
　　124 Secretaries, Recorders and Transcriptionists

　Major Group 22
　TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS RELATED TO NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

　　221 Technical Occupations in Physical Sciences
　　222 Technical Occupations in Life Sciences
　　223 Technical Occupations in Civil, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
　　224 Technical Occupations in Electronics and Electrical Engineering

　　225 Technical Occupations in Architecture, Drafting, Surveying and Mapping
　　226 Other Technical Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
　　227 Transportation Officers and Controllers
　　228 Technical Occupations in Computer and Information Systems

　Major Group 32
　TECHNICAL AND SKILLED OCCUPATIONS IN HEALTH

　　321 Medical Technologists and Technicians (Except Dental Health)
　　322 Technical Occupations in Dental Health Care
　　323 Other Technical Occupations in Health Care (Except Dental)

　Major Group 42
　PARAPROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS IN LAW, SOCIAL SERVICES, EDUCATION AND RELIGION

　　421 Paralegals, Social Services Workers and Occupations in Education and Religion, n.e.c.

　Major Group 52
　TECHNICAL AND SKILLED OCCUPATIONS IN ART, CULTURE, RECREATION AND SPORT

　　521 Technical Occupations in Libraries, Archives, Museums and Art Galleries
　　522 Photographers, Graphic Arts Technicians and Technical and Co-ordinating Occupations in Motion Pictures, Broadcasting and the Performing Arts
　　523 Announcers and Other Performers
　　524 Creative Designers and Craftpersons
　　525 Athletes, Coaches, Referees and Related Occupations

　Major Group 62
　SKILLED SALES AND SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

　　621 Sales and Service Supervisors
　　622 Technical Sales Specialists, Wholesale Trade
　　623 Insurance and Real Estate Sales Occupations and Buyers
　　624 Chefs and Cooks
　　625 Butchers and Bakers
　　626 Police Officers and Firefighters
　　627 Technical Occupations in Personal Service

　Major Group 72/73
　TRADES AND SKILLED TRANSPORT AND EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

　　721 Contractors and Supervisors, Trades and Related Workers
　　722 Supervisors, Railway and Motor Transportation Occupations
　　723 Machinists and Related Occupations
　　724 Electrical Trades and Telecommunication Occupations
　　725 Plumbers, Pipefitters and Gas Fitters

　　726 Metal Forming, Shaping and Erecting Trades
　　727 Carpenters and Cabinetmakers
　　728 Masonry and Plastering Trades
　　729 Other Construction Trades
　　731 Machinery and Transportation Equipment Mechanics (Except Motor Vehicle)

　　732 Automotive Service Technicians
　　733 Other Mechanics
　　734 Upholsterers, Tailors, Shoe Repairers, Jewellers and Related Occupations
　　735 Stationary Engineers and Power Station and System Operators
　　736 Train Crew Operating Occupations

　　737 Crane Operators, Drillers and Blasters
　　738 Printing Press Operators, Commercial Divers and Other Trades and Related Occupations, n.e.c.

　Major Group 82
　SKILLED OCCUPATIONS IN PRIMARY INDUSTRY

　　821 Supervisors, Logging and Forestry
　　822 Supervisors, Mining, Oil and Gas
　　823 Underground Miners, Oil and Gas Drillers and Related Workers
　　824 Logging Machinery Operators
　　825 Contractors, Operators and Supervisors in Agriculture, Horticulture and Aquaculture
　　826 Fishing Vessel Masters and Skippers and Fishermen/women

　Major Group 92
　PROCESSING, MANUFACTURING AND UTILITIES SUPERVISORS AND SKILLED OPERATORS

　　921 Supervisors, Processing Occupations
　　922 Supervisors, Assembly and Fabrication
　　923 Central Control and Process Operators in Manufacturing and Processing

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3.4.2 按职业字母顺序排列


A
0632 Accommodation Service Managers
5135 Actors and Comedians
1221 Administrative Officers
0114 Administrative Services Managers (other)
0312 Administrators - Post-Secondary Education and Vocational
2146 Aerospace Engineers
2222 Agricultural and Fish Products Inspectors
8252 Agricultural and Related Service Contractors and Managers
2123 Agricultural Representatives, Consultants and Specialists
2271 Air Pilots, Flight Engineers and Flying Instructors
2272 Air Traffic Control and Related Occupations
2244 Aircraft Instrument, Electrical & Avionics Mechanics, Technicians & Inspectors
7315 Aircraft Mechanics and Aircraft Inspectors
3234 Ambulance Attendants and Other Paramedical Occupations
5231 Announcers and Other Broadcasters
8257 Aquaculture Operators and Managers
2151 Architects
2251 Architectural Technologists and Technicians
0212 Architecture and Science Managers
5113 Archivists
5244 Artisans and Craftpersons
1235 Assessors, Valuators and Appraisers
5251 Athletes
5225 Audio and Video Recording Technicians
3141 Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists
5121 Authors and Writers
7321 Automotive Service Technicians, Truck Mechanics & Mechanical Repairers


B
6252 Bakers
0122 Banking, Credit and Other Investment Managers
2221 Biological Technologists and Technicians
2121 Biologists and Related Scientists
7266 Blacksmiths and Die Setters
7262 Boilermakers
1231 Bookkeepers
7281 Bricklayers
5224 Broadcast Technicians
4163 Business Development Officers and Marketing Researchers & Consultants
0123 Business Services Managers (other)
6251 Butchers and Meat Cutters - Retail and Wholesale


C
7272 Cabinetmakers
7247 Cable Television Service and Maintenance Technicians
3217 Cardiology Technologists
7271 Carpenters
9231 Central Control & Process Operators, Mineral & Metal Processing
6241 Chefs
2134 Chemical Engineers
2211 Chemical Technologists and Technicians
2112 Chemists
3122 Chiropractors
2231 Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
2131 Civil Engineers
6215 Cleaning Supervisors
5252 Coaches
4131 College and Other Vocational Instructors
7382 Commercial Divers
0643 Commissioned Officers, Armed Forces
0641 Commissioned Police Officers
4212 Community and Social Service Workers
0213 Computer and Information Systems Managers
2281 Computer and Network Operators and Web Technicians
2147 Computer Engineers (Except Software Engineers)
2174 Computer Programmers and Interactive Media Developers
7282 Concrete Finishers
5132 Conductors, Composers and Arrangers
1226 Conference and Event Planners
2224 Conservation and Fishery Officers
5112 Conservators and Curators
2234 Construction Estimators
2264 Construction Inspectors
0711 Construction Managers
7311 Construction Millwrights & Industrial Mechanics (Except Textile)
7215 Contractors and Supervisors, Carpentry Trades
7212 Contractors & Supervisors, Electrical Trades & Telecommunications
7217 Contractors & Supervisors, Heavy Construction Equipment Crews
7216 Contractors and Supervisors, Mechanic Trades
7214 Contractors & Supervisors, Metal Forming, Shaping & Erecting Trades
7219 Contractors & Supervisors, Other Construction Trades, Installers, Repairers
7213 Contractors and Supervisors, Pipefitting Trades
6242 Cooks
1227 Court Officers and Justices of the Peace
1244 Court Recorders and Medical Transcriptionists
7371 Crane Operators
1236 Customs, Ship and Other Brokers


D
5134 Dancers
2172 Database Analysts and Data Administrators
2273 Deck Officers, Water Transport
3222 Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists
3223 Dental Technologists, Technicians and Laboratory
3113 Dentists
3221 Denturists
3132 Dietitians and Nutritionists
2253 Drafting Technologists and Technicians
7372 Drillers & Blasters D Surface Mining, Quarrying and Construction
6214 Dry Cleaning and Laundry Supervisors


E
4214 Early Childhood Educators and Assistants
4162 Economists and Economic Policy Researchers and Analysts
5122 Editors
4166 Education Policy Researchers, Consultants and Program Officers
4143 Educational Counsellors
7332 Electric Appliance Servicers and Repairers
2241 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians
2133 Electrical and Electronics Engineers
7333 Electrical Mechanics
7244 Electrical Power Line and Cable Workers
7241 Electricians (Except Industrial and Power System)
3218 Electroencephalographic & Other Diagnostic Technologists, n.e.c.
2242 Electronic Service Technicians (Household and Business
7318 Elevator Constructors and Mechanics
4213 Employment Counsellors
2274 Engineer Officers, Water Transport
2262 Engineering Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
0211 Engineering Managers
1222 Executive Assistants
6213 Executive Housekeepers


F
0721 Facility Operation and Maintenance Managers
4153 Family, Marriage and Other Related Counsellors
8253 Farm Supervisors and Specialized Livestock Workers
8251 Farmers and Farm Managers
5222 Film and Video Camera Operators
1112 Financial and Investment Analysts
1111 Financial Auditors and Accountants
0111 Financial Managers
1114 Financial Officers (other)
0642 Fire Chiefs and Senior Firefighting Officers
6262 Firefighters
8261 Fishing Masters and Officers
8262 Fishing Vessel Skippers and Fishermen/women
7295 Floor Covering Installers
6212 Food Service Supervisors
2122 Forestry Professionals
2223 Forestry Technologists and Technicians
6272 Funeral Directors and Embalmers


G
7253 Gas Fitters
2212 Geological and Mineral Technologists and Technicians
2144 Geological Engineers
2113 Geologists, Geochemists and Geophysicists
7292 Glaziers
0412 Government Managers - Economic Analysis, Policy Development
0413 Government Managers - Education Policy Development & Program Administration
0411 Government Managers - Health & Social Policy Development & Program Administration
6234 Grain Elevator Operators
5223 Graphic Arts Technicians
5241 Graphic Designers and Illustrators


H
6271 Hairstylists and Barbers
3151 Head Nurses and Supervisors
3123 Health Diagnosing & Treating (Other Professional Occupations)
4165 Health Policy Researchers, Consultants and Program Officers
7312 Heavy-Duty Equipment Mechanics
0112 Human Resources Managers


I
1228 Immigration, Employment Insurance and Revenue Officers
2141 Industrial and Manufacturing Engineers
2252 Industrial Designers
7242 Industrial Electricians
2233 Industrial Engineering & Manufacturing Technologists & Technicians
2243 Industrial Instrument Technicians and Mechanics
2171 Information Systems Analysts and Consultants
2263 Inspectors in Public & Environmental Health & Occupational Health and Safety
4216 Instructors (other)
4215 Instructors and Teachers of Persons with Disabilities
7293 Insulators
1233 Insurance Adjusters and Claims Examiners
6231 Insurance Agents and Brokers
1234 Insurance Underwriters
0121 Insurance, Real Estate and Financial Brokerage Managers
5242 Interior Designers
7264 Ironworkers


J
7344 Jewellers, Watch Repairers and Related Occupations
5123 Journalists
4111 Judges
1227 Justices of the Peace


L
2254 Land Survey Technologists and Technicians
2154 Land Surveyors
2225 Landscape and Horticultural Technicians and Specialists
2152 Landscape Architects
8255 Landscaping & Grounds Maintenance Contractors and Managers
4112 Lawyers and Quebec Notaries
1242 Legal Secretaries
0011 Legislators
5111 Librarians
5211 Library and Archive Technicians and Assistants
0511 Library, Archive, Museum and Art Gallery Managers
3233 Licensed Practical Nurses
1232 Loan Officers
8241 Logging Machinery Operators


M
7316 Machine Fitters
7231 Machinists and Machining and Tooling Inspectors
0512 Managers - Publishing, Motion Pictures, Broadcasting & Performing Arts
0311 Managers in Health Care
0414 Managers in Public Administration (other)
0314 Managers in Social, Community and Correctional Services
0911 Manufacturing Managers
2255 Mapping and Related Technologists and Technicians
2161 Mathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries
2232 Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians
2132 Mechanical Engineers
3212 Medical Laboratory Technicians
3211 Medical Laboratory Technologists and Pathologists' Assistants
3215 Medical Radiation Technologists
1243 Medical Secretaries
3216 Medical Sonographers
3219 Medical Technologists & Technicians (other - except Dental Health)
2142 Metallurgical and Materials Engineers
2213 Meteorological Technicians
2114 Meteorologists
3232 Midwives and Practitioners of Natural Healing
2143 Mining Engineers
4154 Ministers of Religion
5226 Motion Pictures, Broadcasting (other Technical & Co-ordinating Occupations)
7322 Motor Vehicle Body Repairers
7334 Motorcycle and Other Related Mechanics
5212 Museums and Art Galleries (related Technical Occupations)
5133 Musicians and Singers


N
4161 Natural & Applied Science Policy Researchers, Consultants & Program Officers
2261 Nondestructive Testers and Inspectors
8254 Nursery and Greenhouse Operators and Managers


O
3143 Occupational Therapists
8232 Oil and Gas Well Drillers, Servicers, Testers and Related Workers
7331 Oil and Solid Fuel Heating Mechanics
3231 Opticians
3121 Optometrists


P
7294 Painters and Decorators
5136 Painters, Sculptors and Other Visual Artists
9234 Papermaking and Coating Control Operators
4211 Paralegal and Related Occupations
5245 Patternmakers - Textile, Leather and Fur Products
5232 Performers (other)
1223 Personnel and Recruitment Officers
2145 Petroleum Engineers
9232 Petroleum, Gas and Chemical Process Operators
3131 Pharmacists
5221 Photographers
2115 Physical Sciences (Other Professional Occupations)
3112 Physicians - General Practitioners and Family Physicians
3111 Physicians - Specialist
2111 Physicists and Astronomers
3142 Physiotherapists
7252 Pipefitters
7284 Plasterers, Drywall Installers and Finishers and Lathers
7251 Plumbers
6261 Police Officers (Except Commissioned)
0132 Postal and Courier Services Managers
4122 Post-Secondary Teaching and Research Assistants
7243 Power System Electricians
7352 Power Systems and Power Station Operators
0811 Primary Production Managers (Except Agriculture)
7381 Printing Press Operators
4155 Probation and Parole Officers and Related Occupations
5131 Producers, Directors, Choreographers and Related Occupations
2148 Professional Engineers, n.e.c. (other)
1122 Professional Occupations in Business Services to Management
5124 Professional Occupations in Public Relations & Communications
4121 Professors - University
5254 Program Leaders and Instructors in Recreation and Sport
4168 Program Officers Unique to Government
1224 Property Administrators
4151 Psychologists
9233 Pulping Control Operators
1225 Purchasing Agents and Officers
0113 Purchasing Managers


R
7361 Railway and Yard Locomotive Engineers
7314 Railway Carmen/women
7362 Railway Conductors and Brakemen/women
2275 Railway Traffic Controllers and Marine Traffic Regulators
6232 Real Estate Agents and Salespersons
0513 Recreation and Sports Program and Service Directors
4167 Recreation, Sports and Fitness Program Supervisors Consultants
7313 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanics
3152 Registered Nurses
4217 Religious Occupations (other)
0712 Residential Home Builders and Renovators
3214 Respiratory Therapists, Clinical Perfusionists & Cardio-Pulmonary Technologists
0631 Restaurant and Food Service Managers
6233 Retail and Wholesale Buyers
0621 Retail Trade Managers
6211 Retail Trade Supervisors
7291 Roofers and Shinglers


S
0611 Sales, Marketing and Advertising Managers
0313 School Principals & Administrators of Elementary & Secondary
1241 Secretaries (Except Legal and Medical)
1113 Securities Agents, Investment Dealers and Brokers
0012 Senior Government Managers and Officials
0013 Senior Managers - Financial, Communications & Other Business
0016 Senior Managers - Goods Production, Utilities, Transportation & Construction
0014 Senior Managers - Health, Education, Social and Community
0015 Senior Managers - Trade, Broadcasting & Other Services, n.e.c.
6216 Service Supervisors (other)
0651 Services Managers (other)
7261 Sheet Metal Workers
7343 Shoe Repairers and Shoemakers
7335 Small Engine and Equipment Mechanics (other)
4164 Social Policy Researchers, Consultants and Program Officers
4169 Social Science, n.e.c. (Other Professional Occupations)
4152 Social Workers
2173 Software Engineers
1121 Specialists in Human Resources
5253 Sports Officials and Referees
7252 Sprinkler System Installers
7351 Stationary Engineers and Auxiliary Equipment Operators
7252 Steamfitters, Pipefitters and Sprinkler System Installers
7263 Structural Metal and Platework Fabricators and Fitters
9223 Supervisors, Electrical Products Manufacturing
9222 Supervisors, Electronics Manufacturing
9225 Supervisors, Fabric, Fur and Leather Products Manufacturing
1212 Supervisors, Finance and Insurance Clerks
9213 Supervisors, Food, Beverage and Tobacco Processing
9215 Supervisors, Forest Products Processing
9224 Supervisors, Furniture and Fixtures Manufacturing
1211 Supervisors, General Office and Administrative Support Clerks
8256 Supervisors, Landscape and Horticulture
1213 Supervisors, Library, Correspondence & Related Information Clerks
8211 Supervisors, Logging and Forestry
7211 Supervisors, Machinists and Related Occupations
1214 Supervisors, Mail and Message Distribution Occupations
9211 Supervisors, Mineral and Metal Processing
8221 Supervisors, Mining and Quarrying
7222 Supervisors, Motor Transport & Other Ground Transit Operators
9221 Supervisors, Motor Vehicle Assembling
8222 Supervisors, Oil and Gas Drilling and Service
9226 Supervisors, Other Mechanical and Metal Products Manufacturing
9227 Supervisors, Other Products Manufacturing and Assembly
9212 Supervisors, Petroleum, Gas & Chemical Processing & Utilities
9214 Supervisors, Plastic and Rubber Products Manufacturing
7218 Supervisors, Printing and Related Occupations
7221 Supervisors, Railway Transport Operations
1215 Supervisors, Recording, Distributing and Scheduling Occupations
9216 Supervisors, Textile Processing
5227 Support Occupations in Motion Pictures, Broadcasting & the Performing Arts
2283 Systems Testing Technicians


T
7342 Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners
4142 Teachers - Elementary School and Kindergarten
4141 Teachers - Secondary School
6221 Technical Sales Specialists - Wholesale Trade
0131 Telecommunication Carriers Managers
7246 Telecommunications Installation and Repair Workers
7245 Telecommunications Line and Cable Workers
7317 Textile Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
5243 Theatre, Fashion, Exhibit and Other Creative Designers
3144 Therapy and Assessment (Other Professional Occupations)
3235 Therapy and Assessment (other Technical Occupations)
7283 Tilesetters
7232 Tool and Die Makers
7383 Trades and Related Occupations (other)
5125 Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters
0713 Transportation Managers


U
8231 Underground Production and Development Miners
7341 Upholsterers
2153 Urban and Land Use Planners
2282 User Support Technicians
0912 Utilities Managers


V
3114 Veterinarians
3213 Veterinary and Animal Health Technologists and


W
7373 Water Well Drillers
2175 Web Designers and Developers
7265 Welders and Related Machine Operators

Ruibin

3.5 现行(2003)移民法不予加分的职业

　　在NOC Matrix 中，属于Skill Level C 或 D 之职业者，加拿大新移民法不承认他们的工作经验，应而是不允许他们移民的。

　　移民法不承认的职业如下（恕不译成中文。凡合格的申请人必须有足够的能力阅读以下的英文。）：

　SKILL LEVEL C —— Occupations usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training.


　Major Group 14
　CLERICAL OCCUPATIONS

　　141 Clerical Occupations, General Office Skills
　　142 Office Equipment Operators
　　143 Finance and Insurance Clerks
　　144 Administrative Support Clerks
　　145 Library, Correspondence and Related Information Clerks
　　146 Mail and Message Distribution Occupations
　　147 Recording, Scheduling and Distributing Occupations


　Major Group 34
　ASSISTING OCCUPATIONS IN SUPPORT OF HEALTH SERVICES

　　341 Assisting Occupations in Support of Health Services


　Major Group 64
　INTERMEDIATE SALES AND SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

　　641 Sales Representatives, Wholesale Trade
　　642 Retail Salespersons and Sales Clerks
　　643 Occupations in Travel and Accommodation
　　644 Tour and Recreational Guides and Casino Occupations
　　645 Occupations in Food and Beverage Service
　　646 Other Occupations in Protective Service
　　647 Childcare and Home Support Workers
　　648 Other Occupations in Personal Service


　Major Group 74
　INTERMEDIATE OCCUPATIONS IN TRANSPORT,EQUIPMENT OPERATION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

　　741 Motor Vehicle and Transit Drivers
　　742 Heavy Equipment Operators
　　743 Other Transport Equipment Operators and Related Workers
　　744 Other Installers, Repairers and Servicers
　　745 Longshore Workers and Material Handlers


　Major Group 84
　INTERMEDIATE OCCUPATIONS INPRIMARY INDUSTRY

　　841 Mine Service Workers and Operators in Oil and Gas Drilling
　　842 Logging and Forestry Workers
　　843 Agriculture and Horticulture Workers
　　844 Other Fishing and Trapping Occupations


　Major Group 94/95
　PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS

　　941 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Metal and Mineral Products Processing
　　942 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Chemical, Plastic and Rubber Processing
　　943 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Pulp and Paper Production and Wood Processing
　　944 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Textile Processing
　　945 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Fabric, Fur and Leather Products Manufacturing

　　946 Machine Operators and Related Workers in Food, Beverage and Tobacco Processing
　　947 Printing Machine Operators and Related Occupations
　　948 Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics Assemblers
　　949 Other Assembly and Related Occupations
　　951 Machining, Metalworking, Woodworking and Related Machine Operators




　SKILL LEVEL D —— On-the-job training is usually provided for occupations.


　Major Group 66
　ELEMENTAL SALES AND SERVICE OCCUPATIONS


　　661 Cashiers
　　662 Other Sales and Related Occupations
　　664 Food Counter Attendants, Kitchen Helpers


　Major Group 76
　TRADES HELPERS, CONSTRUCTION LABOURERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS

　　761 Trades Helpers and Labourers
　　762 Public Works and Other Labourers, n.e.c.


　Major Group 86
　LABOURERS IN PRIMARY INDUSTRY

　　861 Primary Production Labourers


　Major Group 96
　LABOURERS IN PROCESSING, MANUFACTURING AND UTILITIES

　　961 Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities

Ruibin

3.6 职业定位 FAQ


1. 准确认定自己的职业定位
2. 职业定位的依据
2.1 所选择的职业定位，必须是在NOC上是存在的。
2.2 申请人的工作内容，必须符合NOC上对该项职业的具体内容描述。
2.3 边缘学科的或是多项职业内容兼而有之申请人的职业定位问题。
3. 职业定位的编号
4. 兼职工作经验与全职工作经验的转换
5. 如何在实际操作中把握您的职业定位
6. 职业定位是否要考虑教育背景和其他就职资格。
7. 已选定职业定位是否可以更改？
8. 如何证明自己的职业？
9. 哪些职业不能移民加拿大？


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1．准确认定自己的职业定位

在新法下，申请人的职业定位非常重要。当然，不同于旧法，申请人的职业的优劣不再会影响一个申请人的最后移民评分得分。

（在旧法下，有一个“职业分”的概念。根据加拿大社会对某项职业的需求程度，移民部确定了不同的“职业分”。加拿大紧缺的职业，可以得到较高的“职业 分”，加拿大社会多余的职业，只能得到较低的“职业分”。例如，“电脑程序员（Computer Programmer）”，在加拿大较为紧缺，因而，根据旧法，可以有10分“职业分”。而“电脑文字输入人员（Computer Operator）”，因为在加拿大已经过剩，所以，根据旧法，只能得到2分的“职业分”。由此，在旧法下，不同的职业的申请人，成功的机会是不同的。在 新法下，由于不存在“职业分”这个概念，“电脑程序员（Computer Programmer）”和“电脑文字输入人员（Computer Operator）”不会有最后的得分上的区别。）


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2．职业定位的依据

职业定位的依据是加拿大劳工部的职业定位为依据（National Occupation Classification,简称“NOC”）。您必须仔细研读加拿大劳工部的职业定位的定义说明。

在阅读NOC的定义时，要注意以下几点要点：

2.1 您所打算选择的职业定位，必须是在NOC上是存在的，而且在NOC Matrix中，您的职业只有属于Skill Type 0,或者属于Skill Lever A 或B之类，加拿大新移民法才承认您的工作经验，继而可以允许您移民（具体请参见附件一）。如果您所选择的职业在NOC上不存在，说明您的选择是错的。必须 再看其他的可能的选择。

2.2 您的工作内容，必须符合NOC上对该项职业的具体内容的描述。对于职业的具体内容的描述，在移民法上有明确的要求：

(a) the action described in the lead statement for the occupation as set out in the National Occupational Classification: and
(b) at least a substantial number of the main duties of the occupation as set out in the occupational descriptions of the National Occupational Classification, including all the essential duties.

(a) 项中的lead statement 是对该职业的一个总的概述，法律条款中举例列出了与该职业有关的职业名称（example titles）; (b) 项中将与该职业有关的主要工作内容作了详细的罗列。更为详细的解释可以参考“职业定位的实例分析”

特别注意：在中国，“职务”（行政职务）这个概念是与加拿大的“职业”这个概念不完全相同的；中国的“职称”，也不一定与加拿大的“职业”的概念完全相同。

2.3 如果您的职业是边缘学科的或是多项职业内容兼而有之的，则也应该按上述办法先行确定您的职业，然后算出您的工作经验分。

注意：如果您属于这样的情况，首先要确定，您的多项职业是混合在一起，同时工作的，还是多项工作分开进行的。例如，一位生物学家，同时也在编写电脑程序， 以用于生物统计分析。这种状况算是多项工作混合型的。即，生物学和电脑编程混合在一起的。您可以在两者之间只选择一项，作为您的职业。（如果选多了，反而 会将您的一份全职的工作的年份，变为多份兼职工作的年份了。因为移民官只能就一项工作对您评分，不能同时评几份工作。根据法律规定，移民官不能将这几份工 作的工作年份，做简单的数学相加。）如果您的多项职业是分开进行的，例如，您在白天是银行的经理。晚上从事房地产经纪的职业，那时，您必须将两者严格分 开。仅仅选择那份全职的工作，作为您的申请内容。所以，不论是边缘学科，还是兼职工作，需要将两项职业同时填在申请表上的情况是比较少见的。如真有此情 况，应与专业律师作讨论。

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3．职业定位的编号

职业定位确定后，要将该职业在NOC上的编号抄下，或者，干脆将该页的NOC的全部描述，打印出来。以便以后在填写申请表时使用。例如，化学家的职业编号为2112。这个号码就是在填表的时候要填上的。

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4．兼职工作经验与全职工作经验的转换

如果您根据您的主业无法移民加拿大，但是，您还有一份兼职的副业。您也可以用该兼职职业作为您的职业定位来申请加拿大移民。这时候，就需要将该兼职工作经 验折算成全职工作经验。（这种情况较多发生在刚毕业的研究生。因为，您的主业是学生，那是无法移民的。但是，您可能有读书期间的兼职工作。也可以用该兼职 工作的工作经验来申请移民。）例如，您有两年的兼职工作经验（每周工作五天，每天工作四小时，）如果将它折算成全职工作经验的话，大约可以有相当于一年的 全职工作的时间。（关于全职工作，每周应有多少小时的工作时间，才算是一份全职工作的具体法律规定，请咨询专业律师。）

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5．如何在实际操作中把握您的职业定位

很多申请人在确定自己的职业时，往往会碰到这样的问题：目前的职业属于管理型职业，在申请移民加拿大时应该如何正确地定位自己的职业？例如：您是某电脑公 司的项目经理，您既从事电脑新项目设计、研发、测试等工作，同时您也从事项目总的控制管理工作。那您究竟将自己的职业定位成电脑工程师（2147）还是电 脑项目经理（0213）？两个职业在NOC上都有具体的定义，并且也都是加拿大新移民法承认的职业。这时候，您必须要站在移民官的角度来看待这个问题。虽 然，这两个职业都是符合法律规定的，但当一个移民官在审核您的职业是否可以移民加拿大时，他考虑最多的是您现在所从事的职业及工作经验能否可以为您在移民 加拿大以后，在最短时间内找到与该职业相关的工作。实际的情况是，在移民加拿大以后，您要尽快找到一个项目经理的职位是有相当的难度。相比较而言，您要找 到一个电脑工程师的工作就显得简单多了。

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6．职业定位是否要考虑教育背景和其他就职资格。

根据NOC的规定，在加拿大，从事一种职业是要有一定的教育背景和其他的就职资格的。（见NOC中，每一项职业的定义的最后部分：“Employment requirement”。）例如，作为“化学家”，NOC中就列了以下几项要求：

· A bachelor's degree in chemistry, biochemistry or in a related discipline is required.

· A master's or doctoral degree is usually required for employment as a research chemist.

· Licensing by a provincial association of chemists is compulsory in Quebec, and available but voluntary in Ontario and Alberta.

这些要求表明，

(1)在加拿大，作为一个化学家，必须具备一个化学学士、生物化学学士或者其他相关学科的学士学位。

(2)在加拿大，如果要成为一个从事研究工作的化学家，通常需要具备一个硕士或博士学位。

(3)在加拿大的魁北克省，从事化学家这一职业，还必须有一份该省的化学家公会所颁发的资格证书。在安大略省或阿尔伯塔省，化学家可以获得这样一份证书，但并不是从事该项职业所必须的。

根据加拿大旧移民法，如果申请人没有具备以上这些规定需要的教育背景或其他方面的就职要求，他以前所做的事就不能被算作是从事该项职业。所以，他也就无法获得与该职业相应的工作经验分。

新移民法对此已经作了改变。新法规定，在确定一个申请人的职业定位的时候，移民官可以不考虑申请人是否满足NOC中的“就职资格”的要求。也就是说，根据 新法，即使申请人没有满足NOC中的“就职资格”的要求，只要他是实际在做这份工作，在移民评分中，他的工作经验还是可以得到承认。例如，一个“化学 家”，即使没有“理学士学位”，只要他是真的在从事“化学家”的工作，移民官还是可以承认他作为“化学家“的工作经验的。这条规定与旧法的规定是完全不同 的。

根据这条新法的规定，今后，凡是“工程师”，理论上说，都可以不再需要做CCPE的工程师资格的认证了。

原因如下：
1. CCPE 是旧法的产物。加拿大旧移民法要求：申请人的教育背景和他打算申请的职业应该是完全一致的。例如，一个工程师应该起码具备加拿大NOC定义中对该工作的教 育背景的要求。那么，一个工程师就应该具备加拿大工程师协会的一般要求：他大学本科所学的课程与加拿大工程系的要求基本一致。为此，移民官就要求申请人通 过CCPE的评估。如果评估不合格，说明他不具备工程师所必须的教育背景。就不能通过。但是，新移民法明确规定，“移民官不得再要求申请人所从事的工作与 其教育背景相符”。这样，从理论上来说，CCPE的评估就没有意义了。因而，应该是不再需要了。

2. 鉴于新法实施后，符合新法要求的申请人并不多。还看不到加拿大联邦法院对此问题的明确判决。从各地使领馆的“所需文件清单”中，也没有看到有明确的 CCPE的要求。我们完全可以从以上理论的假设作初步判断：送移民申请的时候，可以不交CCPE的评估报告。

结论是，新法规定，从移民评估的角度来讲，一个人是否能满足NOC中的“Employment requirements”，是可以不用考虑的。当然，如果能满足 NOC 中的“Employment requirements” 就更完美了。

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7．已选定职业定位是否可以更改？

如果您的申请已经送进移民局，则，您的职业定位就不能再改变了。如果您职业定位弄错了，移民官是没有义务为您另选一个合适的职业定位（旧法下，移民官是可 以这样做的）。如果您在您的申请表中已经选定一个职业，移民官依照法律，只能就事论事，就您已经确定的职业定位潥评定您的申请。如果您职业定位选错了，移 民官认为您不合格，那您的申请就会被拒绝。所以，在申请表交入使馆前，您必须保证自己的职业定位是准确的。

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8。如何证明自己的职业？

申请人的职业的定位，是要有证据来证明的。申请人自己有举证责任。证据的提供可以包括以下几种方式：

8.1 工作证明信。这是最基本的方法。关于如何撰写工作证明信（亦称“推荐信”），以及工作证明信的格式和所用语言，请参见本律师事务所的网站中的《推荐信的内容和格式》一文。
8.2 履历。个人履历所起的作用，只能是自我证明的作用。不能作为一项关键的证明文件。只能作为您个人的经历的一个概要说明。方便移民官作初步的评审。

8.3 专业资格证书。

8.4 工作样本。例如，您所完成的设计图纸的样本，您所写的著作，等等。

8.5 雇佣合同。

您可以提供以上全部五种证据，或是仅提供工作证明信。

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9．哪些职业不能移民加拿大？

新移民法目前没有规定“不准移民的行业”。因而，在理论上来说，任何行业的人，只要能达到规定的移民评分得分，均可获得移民资格。包括医生、律师、会计师这些需经过加拿大相关行业公会的严格考试，方能执业的专业人员，在理论上，新法均允许他们移民。

笔者从法律的角度来分析，移民官在审核医生、律师、会计师这些需经过严格行业公会考试方能执业的专业人员的移民申请的时候，可能会提出一个现实的问题：您 凭您的专业，如何去加拿大生存？如果您无法证明，您很快就能通过必要的行业公会资格考试，移民官是可以根据法律赋予他的“自由裁量权”，拒绝您的移民申请 的。

另外，移民法只承认NOC Matrix中属于Skill Type 0，或属于Skill Level A 或 B 之职业的申请人的经验。这三类人之外的职业，具体说，属于Skill Level C 或 D 之职业的申请人的经验，移民法不予承认。

Ruibin

3.7 其它有关职业定位的讨论贴（适时更新）

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